Effects of Cardioprotective Tactics on the Myocardial Perfusion and Contractile Function of the Left Ventricular Myocardium in Cancer Patients with Evidence of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity

Aim To study the effect of cardioprotective tactics on parameters of left ventricular myocardial perfusion and contractility as per data from single-photon emission computed tomography in oncological patients with signs of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Material and methods  The study included patients with oncological diseases (n=61) referred to polychemotherapy (PCT). For patients with signs of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, a cardioprotective tactics was used, which included changing the PCT schedule and administering beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. For all patients at baseline, after the first four PCH courses, after initiation of the cardioprotective tactics and the next four PTC courses, the level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide was measured and echocardiography and perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography were performed with assessment of left ventricular (LV) perfusion heterogeneity, systolic and diastolic function. Results Following four PTC courses, signs of cardiotoxicity were detected in 13 (21.3 %) patients. On the background of the cardioprotective tactics, a further decrease in LV ejection fraction (EF) by –9±2 % (p<0.01) was observed in 4 (30.8 %) patients. In 9 (69.2 %) patients, LV EF increased by 4±2 % (p<0.01). Standard indexes of LV myocardial perfusion did not significantly change. In 7 patients, the cardioprotective tactics was associated with reduced severity of myocardial perfusion disorder, LV∆σТ = –1.37±1.29 (p<0.05), and in 4 patients, with reduced heterogeneity of myocardial perfusion, LV∆σН = –1.20±0.70 (p<0.05). Conclusion The cardioprotective tactics prevents both further disorder of perfusion and decreases in parameters of left ventricular myocardial contractility in patients with anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.