Open AccessTeratogenic effect of cadmium: From the developing embryo to the fetus
Author(s) -
Juan Sebastián Calle T,
Harry Pachajoa,
José D. Charry,
Robinson Pachecho
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
revista colombiana de salud ocupacional
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2322-634X
DOI - 10.18041/2322-634x/rcso.2.2015.4898
Subject(s) - fetus , teratology , embryo , placenta , cadmium , biology , organogenesis , andrology , trophoblast , pregnancy , physiology , medicine , genetics , chemistry , organic chemistry , gene
Cadmium is recognized as a toxic metal recognized by the United Nations Organization list, and also a potential teratogen in humans. The levels of ingestion varies by country, being seafood and tobacco smoke the principal reported sources. This metal has a long half-life, ranging from 75 days to 26 years, and is associated in humans to many cancers. The teratogenic impact of cadmium in each stage of the developing embryo is clear in animal models, but not in humans. In the pre-implantation phase it affects the progression from the two-cell stages to morula; in the implantation phase it affects the trophoblastic invasion; in post-implantation phase it affects organogenesis; in the placenta it decrease Zinc levels in the fetus. The objective of this study was to review the teratogenic effects of Cd in the human embryonic development from pre implantation, implantation and post implantation, and impact on the placenta and fetus.