First Schools of Philosophy in the World of Classical Antiquity (IVth Century BC)

the article is devoted to the history of the formation of the first schools of philosophy in Ancient Greece in the 4th century BC. The author examines the meaning of the word “school”, analyzes the main features of the first philosophical school of antiquity – the Academy of Plato in comparison with the earlier schools of the pre-Socratics and Aristotelian Lyceum. The article argues that, in addition to the systematic nature of teaching philosophical sciences, a feature of the activities of philosophical schools was that in each of them a canonical corpus of texts was created and thereby provided conditions for the further development of philosophy as a predominantly exegetical tradition.