N. R. Botvinlka, E. R. Hesse and E. A. Giese. On the issue of recognizing tumors of the cerebral appendage, - Russian Doctor, 1910, № 29

Early recognition of this disease can serve as a sufficient guarantee of the success of its operative detection. Meanwhile, just as here there are no completely reliable signs indicating a tumor of the appendage, the most important sign is hemianopsia bitemporalis, loss of visual acuity, etc., but all these signs are inconsistent. Even more unstable are disorders from other cranial nerves and changes in the fundus. A very important recognition feature is the expansion of the Turkish saddle and the change in the shape of the parts of the base of the skull adjacent to it, which are established by x-rays. The authors describe two cases of a tumor of the cerebral appendage, diagnosed by them mainly in this last way. Among other signs of this disease, they first noted the absence of reflexes from the Achilles tendons.