Open AccessClinical and epidemiological features of neonatal hepatitises
Author(s) -
Х. С. Хаертынов,
В. А. Анохин,
E R Nizamova
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
kazanskij medicinskij žurnal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2587-9359
pISSN - 0368-4814
DOI - 10.17816/kmj2107
Subject(s) - neonatal hepatitis , medicine , jaundice , cytomegalovirus , hepatitis , immunology , viral hepatitis , transmission (telecommunications) , hepatitis b , transplacental , rubella , herpes simplex virus , hepatitis a , virology , pregnancy , pediatrics , biliary atresia , virus , fetus , viral disease , biology , herpesviridae , liver transplantation , measles , placenta , transplantation , engineering , genetics , vaccination , electrical engineering
Neonatal hepatitis is one of the most actual problems of children under 6 months of age. The term «neonatal hepatitis» includes infectious liver injury which develops in antenatal period or occurrs during first 3 months of life. The most common causes of liver damage in newborns are viral infections including cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, enteroviruses, parvoviruses, hepatitis B and C viruses. Nowadays the most frequent perinatal infection is cytomegalovirus (1-2% of all newborns). It manifests clinically in 10-15% of cases, with liver involved in 40-63,3% of cases. Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses is usually intranatal, transplacental transmission is rare. Mother-to-infant transmission of other hepatotropic viruses (A, D and E) is very rare. A number of hereditary diseases associated with metabolic disorders (amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, bile acids) and enzyme deficiencies (arginase deficiency, hemochromatosis), etc. can mimicry the clinical picture of neonatal hepatitis. Liver damage can be the only manifestation of perinatal infection (hepatitis B and C, herpes viruses) or come along with other organ damage (generalized herpes virus infection, bacterial infections, toxoplasmosis). Perinatal hepatitis B and C are usually chronic. Neonatal hepatitis caused by herpes simplex virus is usually an acute, possibly fulminant infection. Neonatal hepatitis caused by cytomegalovirus has a variety of clinical subtypes: from a non-jaundice type (with a good prognosis) to a cholestatic form (with possible formation of biliary atresia and liver cirrhosis). Thus, different neonatal hepatitises have their particular features. Wide spectrum of laboratory tests available nowadays allows to define the exact reason for neonatal hepatitis and its clinical course.