A new method of surgery in hallux valgus. Prof. I. E. Gagen-Thorn (Journal of Modern Surgery, 1927, v. 5-6)

The author finds that the development of hallux valgus precedes the development of flat foot, and that hallux valgus is not the cause of the latter. However, not all flatfooted people develop hallux valgus, but only if there are known changes in the statics and dynamics of the foot. First, a flat foot develops and then the toe converges to the lateral side because the abductor is weakened and the adductor overpowers it. Based on the etiology of this anomaly, the author recommends correcting flat feet with orthopedic insoles in the initial stages and eliminating them surgically in later stages.