Domestic otorhinolaryngology. On the 50th anniversary of Soviet healthcare

In pre-revolutionary Russia, there were about 300-400 doctors-specialists in ear, throat and nose diseases, who had about 200 beds at their disposal. Departments of otorhinolaryngology were only at the Military Medical Academy, at the Higher Women's Medical Courses, at the Clinical Institute for Advanced Training of Doctors, at the medical faculties of Moscow and Saratov Universities. Advanced training of doctors was carried out only at the clinical institute, opened in 1885. in St. Petersburg, and even then in a very limited number of disciplines (in particular, the office for ear diseases was opened only in 1889). Of course, with such a state of affairs, there could be no question of any effective otorhinolaryngological services for the population of the country.