Methods of control of structure formation in the processes of high-temperature synthesis (review)

The paper provides an overview of modern methods for studying the dynamics of structure formation of materials. The analysis of the possibilities of dynamic electron microscopy methods and optical methods for controlling the structural-phase state of materials in high-temperature fast-flowing processes is carried out. Methods of pyrometry in the field of SHS, gas-thermal spraying of coatings, and additive synthesis of metal and ceramic products are considered. A review of a new non-contact method for measuring the temperature and spectral degree of blackness of materials is presented. The results of theoretical and experimental studies aimed at implementing the approach of pyrometric control of structure formation in high-temperature processes are presented. An example is given of complex studies of the dynamics of structural formations: metal-oxygen, metal-carbon, on the surface of a tungsten, molybdenum and tantalum foil heated by electric current in an inert gas medium. It compares the results of pyrometric studies with the microstructure and microelement composition of the phases of frozen samples. At the end of the work, a conclusion is drawn on the rational organization of the observation of structure formation in high-temperature synthesis processes from the point of view of constructing an automatic control system.