Unilateral organizing transactions (transactions concerning organization of relations between the parties): problems of definition and interpretation in the context of joint use of goods and services (sharing economy)

A modern social and economic context of joint consumption (sharing economy) raises new questions about the use of structures of organizing contractual relations, in particular unilateral organizing transactions. The article presents the main doctrinal problems of unilateral transactions, as well as unilateral organizing transactions. The author examines approaches to the classification and classification groups of unilateral transactions, and highlights the constitutive features of unilateral organizing transactions. The paper considers the legal nature of a unilaterally binding and unilaterally enabling transactions, sets out the legal relationship between these groups of transactions. Constitutive features of unilateral organizing transactions form the basis for qualification of transactions that are most often considered in the doctrine as unilateral organizing transactions. Thus, the author defines the legal nature of issuing powers of attorney, testamentary refusal, offer, acceptance, registration applications for improvement of living conditions, etc. Methodologically, the article is based on the main results of the reform of contract law of the Russian Federation, new trends in the science of civil law. Also, the author scrutinizes the classical civil law doctrine on unilateral transactions, organizing contracts and organizational relations.