Institution of Legal Support for the Turnover of Genetic Information: Paradigm of the Future of Information Law

The increased scale of genetic research in the world determines the relevance of legal regulation of relations on the turnover of genetic information. The purpose of this study is to define a new legal institution for the circulation of genetic information and the main directions of development of future legislation. The methodological basis of the study comprises empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; private scientific methods: the method of comparative jurisprudence and the method of interpretation of legal norms. The results of the study allow the authors to state that there is a process of separation of the still few legal norms on the turnover of genetic information into a separate institution in the system of the information law branch. The developing institute should include norms (principles) of turnover and processing of genetic information. These are norms that consolidate the rights and obligations of subjects of information legal relations regarding the turnover of genetic information; norms that establish the legal regime of biological banks and national databases of genetic information; protective norms for state supervision of the activities of subjects in the field of turnover of genetic information; special norms on liability for violations of the requirements of the law. The most effective solution to the problem of legal regulation of relations on the turnover of genetic information in the Russian Federation is the adoption of a special law. The information activities of various entities in this area are often international in nature and are based on the norms established in treaties and national legislation. In this regard, it seems appropriate to launch a broad discussion of the problems of genetic information turnover at the level of the international scientific community. These should include identification of threats; identification of possible risks of using information technologies in medicine; unification of digital identification mechanisms; development of ethical codes of conduct for the scientific community; use of foresight methodology in order to develop common positions.