The levels of circulating cytokines in the early post-implantation period

Aim. Analysis of cytokine levels in the blood and dentogingival fluid in patients before and after dental implantation. Methods. 164 patients with dental implants were examined, the average age was 54.6±4.17 years. Dental implantation was performed in one- and two-step procedures, osteoplastic materials Geistlich Bio-Oss spongiosa granules 0.5 g and Bio-Gide membranes 25×25 mm (Germany) were used. A total of 641 implants were installed. The course of post-implantation period was studied in all patients on days 1-3 and 6-7. Dental fluid was collected from each implant with sterile filter paper strips «F». The level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured in the blood serum and gingival fluid before and 6-7 days after intervention by the solid-phase ELISA method. Results. Immediately after implantation (1-2 days), all patients noted soreness, swelling and hyperemia, which on day 3 regressed in 139 (84.6%) patients, and 25 (15.2%) patients were diagnosed with acute mucositis, manifested by edema and hyperemia of soft tissues in the implant area. After dental implantation, imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was observed, especially in complicated cases. The most pronounced changes were noted in the concentration of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6. Predominance of hyperproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in acute mucositis was revealed. The ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in acute mucositis was increased by 5.5 times (p <0.001) in the blood and by 5.0 times (p <0.001) in gingival fluid. Conclusion. Time course of cytokine levels in blood serum and gingival fluid before and after dental implantation indicate changes in the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines; an increase of the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines is especially pronounced against the background of acute mucositis and changes in the level of anti-inflammatory interleukin-4 and -10 have multidirectional character.