Cardiorenal syndrome: pathogenesis, clinical picture

Owing to the commonality of a number of pathogenetic mechanisms, cardiovascular system and kidneys diseases often occur together, mutually exacerbating the severity. The circulatory system and the circulating plasma amount are in many respects regulated by the kidneys functional activity. The parameters of systemic hemodynamics and left ventricular function influence on renal function. The discovery of the mechanisms of renal function impairment influence on the heart state and activity contribute to a fuller understanding of the two systems mutual influence. Currently it is recognized that the frequent combination of cardiovascular and renal diseases based primarily on common pathogenic mechanisms of both forms of pathology and their mutually aggravating influence. In accordance with the modern classification there are five types of cardiorenal syndrome: (1) acute renal dysfunction amid acute-onset cardiac dysfunctions; (2) chronic renal dysfunction due to chronic cardiac pathology; (3) acute cardiac dysfunctions due to acute renal impairment; (4) long-term cardiac and cardiovascular system disorders in patients with chronic renal dysfunction; (5) combined cardiorenal pathology due to other organs and systems dysfunction. The clinical significance of this disease is that doctors of various specialties might face it in their practice: physicians, cardiologists, endocrinologists, resuscitators. Cardiorenal syndrome diagnosis is based on patient constant monitoring in several ways, including laboratory and instrumental indicators, allowing timely suspect the initial stages of this pathology development. This increases the research relevance in this field and clinical value of obtained through them practical conclusions and recommendations, reflected in a number of international documents.