Open AccessSmartphone addiction is associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, tension, confusion, and insomnia: A cross-sectional and comparative study with physically and non-physically active adults in self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Author(s) -
Luiz José Frota Solon Júnior,
Carlos Henrique Tomaz Ribeiro,
Leonardo de Sousa Fortes,
Bruno Teixeira Barbosa,
Luiz Vieira da Silva Neto
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
salud mental
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.163
H-Index - 24
ISSN - 0185-3325
DOI - 10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.025
Subject(s) - pittsburgh sleep quality index , anxiety , insomnia , mood , clinical psychology , psychology , psychiatry , addiction , depression (economics) , cross sectional study , social isolation , perceived stress scale , medicine , sleep quality , stress (linguistics) , linguistics , philosophy , macroeconomics , pathology , economics
. During the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, social media exposure and the use of electronic devices have increased; still, these behaviors may cause adverse health effects. Objective. This study assessed sleep quality, insomnia, mood, and psychological aspects among physically (n = 46) and non-physically (n = 53) active individuals during self-isolation throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and examined their association with smartphone addiction. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult Brazilian citizens in self-isolation for at least 60 days; ninety-nine volunteers from different Brazilian regions were enrolled in the online survey. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-Short Form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Brunel Mood Scale, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version were used to assess the study outcomes. Results. The results indicate moderate and large correlations of smartphone addiction with mood subscales, insomnia (r = .52), anxiety (r = .49), depression (r = .49), and stress (r = .49) symptoms. Also, it was observed that physically active participants were less addicted to smartphones than the non-physically active during self-isolation (p