Identification of High Proliferative Potential Precursors with Hemangioblastic Activity in the Mouse Aorta‐Gonad‐ Mesonephros Region

Hemangioblast, a precursor possessing hematopoietic and endothelial potential, is identified as the blast colony‐forming cell in the murine gastrulating embryos (E7.0–E7.5). Whether hemangioblast exists in the somite‐stage embryos is unknown, even though hemogenic endothelium is regarded as the precursor of definitive hematopoiesis in the aorta‐gonad‐mesonephros (AGM) region. To address the issue, we developed a unique three‐step assay of high proliferative potential (HPP) precursors. The AGM region contained a kind of HPP precursor that displayed hematopoietic self‐renewal capacity and was able to differentiate into functional endothelial cells in vitro (i.e., incorporating DiI‐acetylated low‐density lipoprotein, expressing von Willebrand factors, and forming network structures in Matrigel). The clonal nature was verified by cell mixing assay. However, the bilineage precursor with high proliferative potential—the HPP‐hemangioblast (HA)—was not readily detected in the yolk sac (E8.25–E12.5), embryonic circulation (E10.5), placenta (E10.5–E11.5), fetal liver (E11.5–E12.5), and even umbilical artery (E11.5), reflective of its strictly spatial‐regulated ontogeny. Expression of CD45, a panhematopoietic marker, distinguished hematopoietic‐restricted HPP–colony‐forming cell from the bipotential HPP‐HA. Finally, we revealed that basic fibroblast growth factor, other than vascular endothelial growth factor or transforming growth factor‐β1, was a positive modulator of the HPP‐HA proliferation. Taken together, the HPP‐HA represents a novel model for definitive hemangioblast in the mouse AGM region and will shed light on molecular mechanisms underlying the hemangioblast development. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.