Open AccessGrowth of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Electrospun Type I Collagen Nanofibers
Author(s) -
Shih YuRu V.,
Chen ChungNan,
Tsai ShiaoWen,
Wang Yng Jiin,
Lee Oscar K.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
stem cells
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.159
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1549-4918
pISSN - 1066-5099
DOI - 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0253
Subject(s) - nanofiber , osteonectin , mesenchymal stem cell , biology , vinculin , type i collagen , osteocalcin , alkaline phosphatase , microbiology and biotechnology , cell adhesion , cellular differentiation , cell , materials science , biochemistry , nanotechnology , gene , endocrinology , enzyme
We reconstituted type I collagen nanofibers prepared by electrospin technology and examined the morphology, growth, adhesion, cell motility, and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on three nano‐sized diameters (50–200, 200–500, and 500–1,000 nm). Results from scanning electron microscopy showed that cells on the nanofibers had a more polygonal and flattened cell morphology. MTS (3‐[4,5‐dimethythiazol‐2‐yl]‐5‐[3‐carboxy‐methoxyphenyl]‐2‐[4‐sul‐fophenyl]‐2H‐tetrazolium compound) assay demonstrated that the MSCs grown on 500–1,000‐nm nanofibers had significantly higher cell viability than the tissue culture polystyrene control. A decreased amount of focal adhesion formation was apparent in which quantifiable staining area of the cytoplasmic protein vinculin for the 200–500‐nm nanofibers was 39% less compared with control, whereas the area of quantifiable vinculin staining was 45% less for both the 200–500‐nm and 500–1,000‐nm nanofibers. The distances of cell migration were quantified on green fluorescent protein‐nucleofected cells and was 56.7%, 37.3%, and 46.3% for 50–200, 200–500, and 500–1,000 nm, respectively, compared with those on the control. Alkaline phosphatase activity demonstrated no differences after 12 days of osteogenic differentiation, and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis showed comparable osteogenic gene expression of osteocalcin, osteonectin, and ostepontin between cells differentiated on polystyrene and nanofiber surfaces. Moreover, single‐cell RT‐PCR of type I collagen gene expression demonstrated higher expression on cells seeded on the nanofibers. Therefore, type I collagen nanofibers support the growth of MSCs without compromising their osteogenic differentiation capability and can be used as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering to facilitate intramembranous bone formation. Further efforts are necessary to enhance their biomimetic properties.