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Besides holding great promise in clinics, embryonic stem (ES) cells represent a valuable tool for studying regulation of early developmental processes, such as cell differentiation in preimplantation embryos. The  caudal ‐related homeobox protein Cdx2 is a transcriptional regulator essential for trophoblast lineage, functioning as early as implantation. Using an inducible system, we show that gain of Cdx2 function in ES cells triggers trophoblast‐like morphological differentiation, accompanied by ploidy increase, onset of expression of trophoblast‐specific markers, and loss of pluripotency‐associated gene expression. These data provide an insight into the genetic network that controls lineage specification and functioning in early mammalian development.

The Caudal ‐Related Protein Cdx2 Promotes Trophoblast Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells