Open AccessReconciling the Sustainable Manufacturing of Commodity Chemicals with Feasible Technoeconomic Outcomes : Assessing the investment case for heat integrated aerobic gas fermentation
Author(s) -
Sarah Rodgers,
Alex Conradie,
Rebekah King,
Stephen Poulston,
Martin Hayes,
Rajesh Reddy Bommareddy,
Fanran Meng,
Jon McKechnie
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
johnson matthey technology review
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.571
H-Index - 49
ISSN - 2056-5135
DOI - 10.1595/205651321x16137377305390
Subject(s) - commodity chemicals , greenhouse gas , renewable energy , commodity , waste management , production (economics) , environmental science , renewable resource , biochemical engineering , environmental economics , natural resource economics , business , economics , chemistry , engineering , microeconomics , ecology , biochemistry , finance , electrical engineering , biology , catalysis
The manufacturing industry must diverge from a ‘take, make and waste’ linear production paradigm towards more circular economies. Truly sustainable, circular economies are intrinsically tied to renewable resource flows, where vast quantities need to be available at a central point of consumption. Abundant, renewable carbon feedstocks are often structurally complex and recalcitrant, requiring costly pretreatment to harness their potential fully. As such, the heat integration of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) and aerobic gas fermentation unlocks the promise of renewable feedstocks such as lignin. This study models the technoeconomics and life cycle assessment (LCA) for the sustainable production of the commodity chemicals, isopropanol and acetone, from gasified Kraft black liquor. The investment case is underpinned by rigorous process modelling informed by published continuous gas fermentation experimental data. Time series analyses support the price forecasts for the solvent products. Furthermore, a Monte Carlo simulation frames an uncertain boundary for the technoeconomic model. The technoeconomic assessment (TEA) demonstrates that production of commodity chemicals priced at ~US$1000 per tonne is within reach of aerobic gas fermentation. In addition, owing to the sequestration of biogenic carbon into the solvent products, negative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are achieved within a cradle-to-gate LCA framework. As such, the heat integrated aerobic gas fermentation platform has promise as a best-in-class technology for the production of a broad spectrum of renewable commodity chemicals.