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Etravirine and Rilpivirine: Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors with Activity Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Strains Resistant to Previous Nonnucleoside Agents
Author(s) -
Fulco Patricia Pecora,
McNicholl Ian R.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
pharmacotherapy: the journal of human pharmacology and drug therapy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.227
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1875-9114
pISSN - 0277-0008
DOI - 10.1592/phco.29.3.281
Subject(s) - etravirine , rilpivirine , efavirenz , reverse transcriptase inhibitor , nevirapine , virology , pharmacology , reverse transcriptase , regimen , medicine , viral load , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , chemistry , antiretroviral therapy , polymerase chain reaction , biochemistry , gene
Etravirine and rilpivirine are two new nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) that have the distinct advantage of being able to be used in patients with exposure to previous NNRTIs (e.g., nevirapine or efavirenz). Etravirine was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to be used twice/day in treatment‐experienced patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The approval was based on phase III clinical studies in which 61% of etravirine‐treated patients reached an undetectable viral load of less than 50 copies/ml compared with 40% of patients who received the optimized background regimen. Etravirine was well tolerated with a self‐limiting skin rash being the most common toxicity, reported in 19% of patients. Rilpivirine, a once‐daily NNRTI, is entering phase III studies; the drug appears to be effective against a broad range of NNRTI‐resistant viruses including etravirine‐resistant strains.