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Addition of Dexmedetomidine to Standard Sedation Regimens After Cardiac Surgery: An Outcomes Analysis
Author(s) -
Dasta Joseph F.,
Jacobi Judith,
Sesti AnneMarie,
McLaughlin Trent P.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
pharmacotherapy: the journal of human pharmacology and drug therapy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.227
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1875-9114
pISSN - 0277-0008
DOI - 10.1592/phco.26.6.798
Subject(s) - dexmedetomidine , medicine , propofol , midazolam , sedation , cohort , intensive care unit , anesthesia , retrospective cohort study , cardiac surgery , mechanical ventilation , emergency medicine , surgery
Study Objective . To characterize inpatient use of intravenous sedatives in the real‐world setting, and to evaluate clinical and economic outcomes when dexmedetomidine was used with midazolam and propofol for select cardiovascular procedures. Design . 12‐month retrospective analysis. Data Source . An administrative claims database of operational data from a nationally representative sample of 250 medical and surgical hospitals. Patients . Patients who received midazolam plus propofol (9996 patients) or dexmedetomidine, midazolam, plus propofol (356 patients) after cardiac valve or vessel surgery. Measurements and Main Results . The source of patient demographics (e.g., age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index) and outcomes (e.g., charges, length of stay, mortality rate) was the hospital billing claim form. Patients in the dexmedetomidine‐midazolam‐propofol cohort tended to be younger and male and to have fewer comorbidities than those midazolam‐propofol cohort. The primary outcomes for the three‐drug cohort showed significant reductions in total charges/patient (∼$18,000, p−0.05), total hospital length of stay (0.6 days, p<0.0001), days in the intensive care unit or cardiac care unit (3.87 days, p<0.0001), and mortality (2%, p=0.0142). Although pharmacy charges were higher (∼$4000/patient), lower charges for the intensive care or cardiac care unit, operating room, room and board, and respiratory services were observed in the dexmedetomidine‐midazolam‐propofol cohort compared with the two‐drug cohort. Also, mechanical ventilation was shorter by ∼0.5 day in the three‐drug cohort (p<0.01). Conclusion . These initial findings of a real‐world assessment of dexmedetomidine use with other agents suggest favorable clinical and economic outcomes. Further research through randomized clinical trials of dexmedetomidine is warranted to better understand its optimum patient population, dosage, and the causality of the results, and to confirm the potential clinical and economic benefits observed in our patients.