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Early‐Onset Pentamidine‐Associated Second‐Degree Heart Block and Sinus Bradycardia: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Author(s) -
Antoniou Tony,
Gough Kevin A.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
pharmacotherapy: the journal of human pharmacology and drug therapy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.227
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1875-9114
pISSN - 0277-0008
DOI - 10.1592/phco.2005.25.6.899
Subject(s) - pentamidine , medicine , sinus bradycardia , cardiotoxicity , heart block , pneumonia , myocardial infarction , bradycardia , adverse effect , qrs complex , heart rate , cardiology , anesthesia , electrocardiography , chemotherapy , blood pressure
Although various manifestations of pentamidine‐induced cardiotoxicity have been reported, to our knowledge, second‐degree heart block associated with this agent has not been described. In addition, cardiac adverse effects usually develop after at least 6 days of therapy. We describe a 54‐year‐old, human immunodeficiency virus–positive man with a history of sulfonamide allergy who received treatment with pentamidine for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. After only the third dose of pentamidine, it was noted that the patient's heart rate had decreased to 48 beats/minute. Subsequently, five episodes of Wenckebach (Mobitz type 1) heart block with a ventricular rate of 28 beats/minute were observed on continuous cardiac telemetry. Serum electrolyte and creatinine levels remained within normal limits. Within 4 days of discontinuing the pentamidine, the patient's heart rate stabilized at 80 beats/minute without further intervention. Clinicians should be vigilant when monitoring for cardiotoxicity in patients receiving pentamidine throughout the duration of therapy. In addition, they should continue to reserve its use for moderate‐to‐severe Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia for which trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole is ineffective or contraindicated.