Open AccessCOVID-19: etiology, clinical picture, treatment
Author(s) -
M. Yu. Shchelkanov,
Л В Колобухина,
О. А. Бургасова,
Irina Kruzhkova,
V.V. Maleev
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
infekciâ i immunitet
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.137
H-Index - 5
eISSN - 2313-7398
pISSN - 2220-7619
DOI - 10.15789/2220-7619-cec-1473
Subject(s) - coronaviridae , favipiravir , nitazoxanide , virology , coronavirus , middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus , biology , medicine , pneumonia , middle east respiratory syndrome , pandemic , immunology , infectious disease (medical specialty) , disease , covid-19
Whereas the XX century marked the history of acute respiratory disease investigation as a period for generating in-depth system of combating influenza viruses (Articulavirales: Orthomyxoviridae, Alpha-/Betainfluenzavirus) (based on environmental and virological monitoring of influenza A virus in its natural reservoir — aquatic and semi-aquatic birds — to supervising epidemic influenza), a similar system is necessary to build up in the XXI century with regard to especially dangerous betacoronaviruses (Nidovirales: Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus): Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (subgenus Sarbecovirus), Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) (Sarbecovirus), Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (Merbecovirus). This became particularly evident after pandemic potential has been revealed in 2020 by the SARS-CoV-2. This review provides an insight into the historic timeline of discovering this virus, its current taxonomy, ecology, virion morphology, life cycle, molecular biology, pathogenesis and clinical picture of the etiologically related COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) as well as data available in the scientific literature on the anti-SARS-CoV-2-effectiveness of passive immunotherapy and most debated drugs used to treat COVID-19: Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Nitazoxanide, Ivermectin, Lopinavir and Ritonavir, Camostat mesilate, Remdesivir, Ribavirin, Tocilizumab, Anakinra, corticosteroids, and type I interferons. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection implicates decreased efficacy of artificial respiration, which, in this case might be replaced by more efficient extracorporeal membrane blood oxygenation supplemented with nitrogen oxide and/or Heliox inhalations.