Premium
Homing and Spawning Site Selection by Supplemented Hatchery‐ and Natural‐Origin Yakima River Spring Chinook Salmon
Author(s) -
Dittman Andrew H.,
May Darran,
Larsen Donald A.,
Moser Mary L.,
Johnston Mark,
Fast David
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
transactions of the american fisheries society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.696
H-Index - 86
eISSN - 1548-8659
pISSN - 0002-8487
DOI - 10.1577/t09-159.1
Subject(s) - chinook wind , hatchery , homing (biology) , oncorhynchus , fishery , habitat , spawn (biology) , biology , fish hatchery , ecology , fish <actinopterygii> , fish farming , aquaculture
It is well known that salmon home to their natal rivers for spawning, but the spatial scale of homing within a river basin is poorly understood and the interaction between natal site fidelity and habitat‐based spawning site selection has not been elucidated. Understanding the complex trade‐offs among homing to the natal site, spawning site selection, competition for sites, and mate choice is especially important in the context of hatchery supplementation efforts to reestablish self‐sustaining natural spawning populations. To address these questions, we examined the homing patterns of supplemented Yakima River spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha released from satellite acclimation facilities after common initial rearing at a central facility. Final spawning location depended strongly on where fish were released as smolts within the upper Yakima River basin, but many fish also spawned in the vicinity of the central rearing hatchery, suggesting that some fish imprinted to this site. While homing was clearly evident, the majority (55.1%) of the hatchery fish were recovered more than 25 km from their release sites, often in spawning areas used by wild conspecifics. Hatchery and wild fish displayed remarkably similar spawning distributions despite very different imprinting histories, and the highest spawning densities of both hatchery and wild fish occurred in the same river sections. These results suggest that genetics, environmental and social factors, or requirements for specific spawning habitat may ultimately override the instinct to home to the site of rearing or release.