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In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Agent AquaFrin as a Bactericide and Selective Algicide for Use in Channel Catfish Aquaculture
Author(s) -
Schrader Kevin K.,
Bommer Jerry C.,
Jori Giulio
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
north american journal of aquaculture
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.432
H-Index - 41
eISSN - 1548-8454
pISSN - 1522-2055
DOI - 10.1577/a09-076.1
Subject(s) - ictalurus , edwardsiella ictaluri , catfish , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , antimicrobial , bioassay , staphylococcus aureus , bacteria , fishery , ecology , fish <actinopterygii> , genetics
Producers of pond‐raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in the southeastern United States can experience huge economic losses due to enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and columnaris disease and to the presence of certain odor‐producing cyanobacteria in production ponds that result in “off‐flavor” channel catfish. AquaFrin (lauryl methyl pyrifrin), a product currently being evaluated for commercial use, belongs to a class of porphyrins that have been shown to be very effective as antibacterial agents. As a preliminary step to assess the potential use of AquaFrin as a therapeutant against ESC and columnaris, we used a rapid bioassay to evaluate AquaFrin for antibacterial activity against the Gram‐negative bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri (etiological agent of ESC), two genotypes of the Gram‐negative bacterium Flavobacterium columnare (etiological agent of columnaris disease), and the representative Gram‐positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (American Type Culture Collection 29213) for comparison. In addition, we performed a bioassay‐directed evaluation of AquaFrin for selective toxicity toward the musty cyanobacterium Planktothrix perornata . AquaFrin was found to possess antibacterial activity toward all tested bacteria and yielded the following minimal inhibitory concentration results: 0.5 mg/L for F. columnare isolate ALM‐00‐173, 1.0 mg/L for F. columnare isolate BioMed, 0.1 mg/L for S. aureus , and 9.8 mg/L for E. ictaluri . The range of 96‐h 50% inhibition concentrations (0.07–0.2 mg/L) for AquaFrin toward P. perornata and the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum indicates strong potential for its use as a broad‐spectrum algicide.