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Species Identification of Pacific Salmon by Means of a Major Histocompatibility Complex Gene
Author(s) -
Withler Ruth E.,
Beacham Terry D.,
Ming Tobi J.,
Miller Kristina M.
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
north american journal of fisheries management
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.587
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1548-8675
pISSN - 0275-5947
DOI - 10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0929:siopsb>2.3.co;2
Subject(s) - oncorhynchus , salmo , biology , rainbow trout , trout , chinook wind , brown trout , restriction fragment length polymorphism , fishery , salmonidae , introgression , zoology , genetic distance , restriction enzyme , polymerase chain reaction , gene , genetics , genetic variation , fish <actinopterygii>
A rapid genetic test to identify Pacific salmonid tissue samples to the species level is described. An exon (coding DNA) and its adjacent intron (noncoding DNA) of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II gene were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from eight Oncorhynchus species and the two Salmo species that have been transplanted to British Columbia. Among Pacific salmonids, the length of the amplified sequence was between 809 and 826 base pairs (bp) for cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki , rainbow trout and steelhead O. mykiss , chinook salmon O. tshawytscha , coho salmon O. kisutch , masu O. masou , and some sockeye salmon O. nerka ; it was between 993 and 1,034 by for pink salmon O. gorbuscha , chum salmon O. keta , and other sockeye salmon. Sequence length ranged from 1,000 to 3,000 by for brown trout Salmo trutta and from 1,500 to 3,000 by for Atlantic salmon S. solar . Amplified sequences from all Pacific salmonids except rainbow trout‐steelhead and cutthroat trout displayed species‐specific restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) after independent digestion with three restriction enzymes ( Avr II, Bcl I, Bso f I). Restriction patterns of Pacific salmon sequences between 993 and 1,034 by distinguished them from the 1,000‐bp brown trout sequences. Intraspecific RFLP variability revealed regional differentiation in phenotypic frequencies in three species: coho salmon populations in southern British Columbia differed from those in northern British Columbia and the Fraser River; sockeye salmon from Kamchatka and Bristol Bay differed from those of British Columbia; and Japanese and North American chum salmon were well differentiated, enabling an accurate classification to continent of origin.