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Acute and Chronic Toxicity following Parenteral Application of Erythromycin to Maturing Spring Chinook Salmon Held at Two Water Temperatures
Author(s) -
Moffitt Christine M.,
Kiryu Yasunari
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
journal of aquatic animal health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.507
H-Index - 52
eISSN - 1548-8667
pISSN - 0899-7659
DOI - 10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0008:aactfp>2.0.co;2
Subject(s) - erythromycin , oncorhynchus , biology , chinook wind , toxicity , zoology , rainbow trout , physiology , fish <actinopterygii> , anatomy , andrology , fishery , medicine , antibiotics , microbiology and biotechnology
Maturing chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were injected with 20, 60, 160, 435, or 665 mg erythromycin/kg body weight and held at 8°C or 13°C for 18 d to quantify the lethal dose (LD50) at two different water temperatures and to evaluate the health status of fish that survived. Mortality was highest in fish administered erythromycin at 13°C (LD50 = 369 mg/kg). Among fish that survived to the end of trials, the presence of yellow‐colored livers and ascites was correlated positively with increasing drug dosage. Erythromycin residues in perfused tissues, in plasma, and in skin and muscle of surviving fish were significantly higher in fish held at 8°C than in fish at 13°C, but erythromycin in the ova increased with dosage regardless of water temperatures. Hematoxylin‐ and eosin‐stained kidney tissues from surviving fish that were injected with erythromycin had significantly more necrosis and cloudy swelling in the tubules than did those of uninjected fish, and tissue damage and vacuolation were more severe in the proximal tubules than in the distal tubules. Eosinophilic droplets were observed in the hematopoietic tissues of fish held at both temperatures but were more abundant in fish at 8°C.