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Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Ammonia on Fertilized Eggs and Sac Fry of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)
Author(s) -
Burkhalter Dalton E.,
Kaya Calvin M.
Publication year - 1977
Publication title -
transactions of the american fisheries society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.696
H-Index - 86
eISSN - 1548-8659
pISSN - 0002-8487
DOI - 10.1577/1548-8659(1977)106<470:eopeta>2.0.co;2
Subject(s) - rainbow trout , liter , salmo , zoology , biology , trout , incubation , incubation period , fishery , fish <actinopterygii> , endocrinology , biochemistry
Effects of ammonia on fertilized eggs and resulting sac fry of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were tested at concentrations of un‐ionized ammonia ranging from 0.05 to 0.37 mg/liter (as NH 3 ‐ N). Exposure was continuous throughout the incubation period and for 42 days thereafter. There was no differential egg mortality or effect on incubation period. The lowest concentration of 0.05 mg/liter NH 3 ‐ N caused some retardation of early growth and development and 0.1 mg/liter caused similar but more severe effects throughout most of the test period. Hypertrophy of secondary gill lamellae epithelium occurred at 0.19 mg/liter. Karyolysis and karyorrhexis occurred in the same tissue at 0.28 mg/liter. Pale coloration and blue‐sac disease occurred in sac fry at concentrations of 0.19 mg/liter and higher. The estimated incipient LC50 (lethal threshold concentration) for rainbow trout sac fry was 0.25 mg/liter NH 3 ‐ N.