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Effect of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBˈs) on Survival and Reproduction of Daphnia, Gammarus, and Tanytarsus
Author(s) -
Nebeker Alan V.,
Puglisi Frank A.
Publication year - 1974
Publication title -
transactions of the american fisheries society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.696
H-Index - 86
eISSN - 1548-8659
pISSN - 0002-8487
DOI - 10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<722:eopbpo>2.0.co;2
Subject(s) - liter , gammarus , daphnia , bioassay , biology , reproduction , zoology , continuous flow , toxicology , daphnia magna , toxicity , chemistry , amphipoda , ecology , crustacean , endocrinology , physics , organic chemistry , mechanics
Continuous‐flow and static bioassays were conducted at 18 C, with survival and reproduction as measures of relative toxicity of eight PCBˈs, Aroclor 1221 (A‐1221), A‐1232, A‐1242, A‐1248, A‐1254, A‐1260, A‐1262, and A‐1268. Three PCB‐mixture bioassays were also conducted. Aroclor 1248 was the most toxic to Daphnia magna of the eight Aroclors tested in static tests; the 3‐wk LC50 was 25 μg/liter. Aroclor 1254 was the most toxic PCB to Daphnia under continuous‐flow conditions with a 3‐wk LC50 of 1.3 μg/liter. Ninety‐six‐hr LC50 values for A‐1242, and A‐1248 on Gammarus pseudolimnaeus in continuous‐flow tests were 73 and 20 μg/liter. Survival after 60 days was 52% at 8.7 μg/liter 1242 and 53% at 5.1 μg/liter A‐1248. Reproduction and survival of young were good at 2.8 μg/liter A‐1242 and 2.2 μg/liter A‐1248. The midge Tanytarsus dissimilis, in continuous‐flow tests, did not emerge in abundance above 5.1 μg/liter A‐1248 or 3.5 μg/liter A‐1254. The 3‐wk LC50 for Aroclor 1254 was 0.65 μg/liter for larvae and 0.45 μg/liter for pupae. Tissue residues in Gammarus pseudolimnaeus ranged from 4.0 μg/g A‐1254 in control animals to 552 μg/g A‐1248 in scuds held for 60 days in water containing 5.1 μg/liter A‐1248.