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A Linear‐array Hydrophone for Determining Swimming Depth of Fish Fitted with Ultrasonic Transmitters
Author(s) -
Gardella E. S.,
Stasko A. B.
Publication year - 1974
Publication title -
transactions of the american fisheries society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.696
H-Index - 86
eISSN - 1548-8659
pISSN - 0002-8487
DOI - 10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<635:alhfds>2.0.co;2
Subject(s) - hydrophone , acoustics , omnidirectional antenna , ultrasonic sensor , transmitter , signal (programming language) , transducer , fish <actinopterygii> , sensitivity (control systems) , geology , optics , physics , telecommunications , computer science , fishery , engineering , electronic engineering , biology , channel (broadcasting) , antenna (radio) , programming language
Abstract A hydrophone is described for determining the swimming depth of fish fitted with location‐only ultrasonic transmitters. The linear array of 13 transducer elements gives omnidirectional sensitivity horizontally and a two‐degree angle of acceptance vertically. The hydrophone is lowered through the water and depth of maximum horizontal signal from a transmitter is determined. Fifty‐four trials in a stratified lake, with signal source at distances from 10 to 100 m and at depths from 0.5 to 20.5 m, gave a mean error of −0.46 m (standard deviation = 1.47 m).