Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Florida with Emphasis on Fishes: A Review and Recommendations

Many exotic organisms, particularly fishes and plants, have become a part of Floridaˈs aquatic ecosystems. The majority of these organisms was introduced accidentally as a result of activities of professional aquarists, particularly through carelessness by tropical aquarium fish farm operations. One exotic fish species was established from the release of stocks imported for experimental purposes. Amateur aquarists and tourist attractions also have the potential for introducing exotic aquatic organisms. Future introductions can be reduced through better safeguards in respect to prevention of escape and more public education. Purposeful introductions for sport or food, aquarium resources, or for biological control of pests are more extensive than accidental introductions. Some have the potential for long‐term ecological devastation. They are often undertaken without adequate information on the possible consequences. Fish diseases and parasites and their impact on public health have not heretofore been a consideration in the fish import trade. Investigations are urgently needed to determine what may be entering North America with imported fishes and their transport water. Proposals for introduction of a species must be closely studied. Rationale for a planned introduction, demonstration of inadequacy of native species, a search for alternate species, preliminary assessment of environmental impact of the planned introduction, and publicity and review are required initially. Recommendations based on experimental research and review are necessary before any introduction is made.