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Misconception, Reality, and Uncertainty about Ecological Interactions and Risks between Hatchery and Wild Salmonids
Author(s) -
Pearsons Todd N.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
fisheries
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.725
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1548-8446
pISSN - 0363-2415
DOI - 10.1577/1548-8446-33.6.278
Subject(s) - hatchery , fish <actinopterygii> , variety (cybernetics) , fishery , fish hatchery , uncertainty , ecology , biology , environmental resource management , environmental science , fish farming , computer science , aquaculture , statistics , mathematics , artificial intelligence
Hatchery and wild fish advocates often engage in lively debates about the ecological interactions between hatchery and wild fish. Many arguments about ecological interactions between hatchery and wild fish have been fueled by a variety of misconceptions, scientific uncertainties, and differences of unstated objectives. In order to reduce the frequency of unfruitful discussions, it is important to expose a variety of misconceptions and scientific uncertainties about ecological interactions and risk. In addition, it is necessary to synthesize what is currently known about ecological interactions. Seven misconceptions, three realities, and four of the most important scientific uncertainties are described. I conclude that ecological interactions between hatchery and wild fish will occur but whether those interactions are biologically significant, socially acceptable, and whether any impacts are statistically detectable are probably dependant upon the characteristics of the hatchery program, naturally‐produced fish, natural environment where hatchery fish are released, and how interactions are evaluated. Large‐scale experiments will be necessary to resolve existing scientific uncertainty, but in the mean time, risk assessments, weight‐of‐evidence and precautionary approaches, and separating technical and policy discussions can be used to improve evaluation and management of ecological interactions between hatchery and wild fish.