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Management Concerns about Known and Potential Impacts of Lead Use in Shooting and in Fishing Activities
Author(s) -
Goddard Chris I.,
Leonard Nancy J.,
Stang Doug L.,
Wingate P. Jack,
Rattner Barnett A.,
Franson J. Christian,
Sheffield Steven R.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
fisheries
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.725
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1548-8446
pISSN - 0363-2415
DOI - 10.1577/1548-8446-33.5.228
Subject(s) - fishing , wildlife , ammunition , lead (geology) , fish <actinopterygii> , fishery , environmental planning , business , environmental science , environmental resource management , natural resource economics , environmental protection , ecology , geography , biology , paleontology , archaeology , economics
We present a summary of the technical review, jointly requested by the American Fisheries Society and The Wildlife Society, addressing the hazards to wildlife resulting from lead objects or fragments introduced into aquatic and terrestrial environments from the use of ammunition and fishing tackle. Impacts from lead are well documented in humans, as well as in terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Concern about impacts from lead ammunition and fishing tackle has resulted in the development of non‐lead alternatives, educational campaigns, and regulations to restrict their use. This article discusses the general biological impacts of lead exposure from fishing and shooting activities to fish, wildlife, and humans; summarizes existing and proposed regulations to reduce lead exposure to biota; reviews alternatives to lead materials that are currently available for fishing; and outlines options for further actions to reduce wildlife and human exposure to lead from fishing activities.