IVF: how can we reduce the risks of infection?

During in vitro fertilisation the female partner undergoes procedures that carry a risk of pelvic infection, such as oocyte recovery and embryo transfer. When sperm is present in the ejaculate, the male partner avoids the risk of iatrogenic infection. If sperm is retrieved directly from the epididymis or testis, the male partner's recovery may also be complicated by infection. Although rare, infections resulting from in vitro fertilisation can be devastating to those affected. This article looks at ways in which the risk of infection can be reduced, both by good clinical technique and by using antibiotic prophylaxis.