Nonurological uses of botulinum toxin in gynaecology

•  Botulinum toxin is a powerful neurotoxin which causes temporary flaccid muscle paralysis. •  A number of potential gynaecological applications have been described in addition to the well‐established uses in urogynaecology.Learning objectives:•  To understand how botulinum toxin works. •  To learn about the preparations available and their contraindications and side‐effects. •  To be aware of the potential uses of botulinum toxin in the treatment of vaginismus and other gynaecological pain syndromes.Ethical issues:•  Many of the uses described are still essentially experimental, although largely accepted into mainstream practice: does this need to be acknowledged when counselling women?Please cite this article as: Anbazhagan A, Roberts R. Nonurological uses of botulinum toxin in gynaecology. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2008;10:75–79.