Open AccessNATURAL RESERVOIR OF FILOVIRUSES AND TYPES OF ASSOCIATED EPIDEMIC OUTBREAKS IN AFRICA
Author(s) -
Михаил Юрьевич Щелканов,
Н’Фали Магассуба,
Vladimir G. Dedkov,
German A. Shipulin,
И. В. Галкина,
А. А. Попова,
В В Малеев
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
vestnik rossijskoj akademii medicinskih nauk
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.122
H-Index - 15
eISSN - 2414-3545
pISSN - 0869-6047
DOI - 10.15690/vramn803
Subject(s) - ebolavirus , filoviridae , ebola virus , homo sapiens , marburg virus , biology , outbreak , virology , zoology , chytridiomycota , natural reservoir , geography , virus , archaeology , viral disease , genetics , paramyxoviridae , ascomycota , gene
Family Filoviridae includes a set of etiological agents of human hemorrhagic fevers distributed in Africa: Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV), Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV), Taï Forest ebolavirus (TAFV), Marburg marburgvirus (MMARV). Historiography and recent taxonomical structure of Filoviridae family are considered in the review. The discussed data of laboratory and ecological-virological field researches demonstrate the presence of a natural reservoir of filoviruses among fruit-bats (Chiroptera, Megachiroptera) which carry filovirus infection without clinical signs but allocate viruses with urine, saliva, excrements, and sperm, as well as contain viruses in blood and internals. The potential hosts of filoviruses are various mammal species including the higher primacies (Anthropoidea) and the humans (Homo sapiens sapiens). A brief comparison of anatomic and morphologic features of fruit bats and bats (Chiroptera, Microchiroptera) belonging to another suborder of chiropterans is presented. The description of the basic characteristics of the four types of epidemic outbreaks linked with Filoviridae-associated fevers — speleological (from Ancient Greek σπήλαιον — cave), forest, rural, and urban are given; their possible transformation directions are considered as well.