Participation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in Articular Cartilage Remodeling

Upon cartilage damage its natural recovery takes a long time. This is due to several reasons: the absence of blood vessels and low metabolic activity. In this regard, it is relevant to study the mechanism of operation of all components involved in the remodeling of cartilage tissue. For this purpose, protein insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was taken as an object of research, since one of its main functions is regulation of cell proliferation, which is closely related to the process of cartilage tissue repair. It is known that in recent years, scientific studies have been conducted on the effect of IGF-1 on the remodeling of cartilage tissues, but in combination with other substances that stimulate more active cell regeneration. This review presents the features of the functional properties and protein structure and its main influence on chondrocyte proliferation for further development of accelerated and effective methods of IGF-1 action on cell growth and repair. The phylogenetic analysis of IGF-1 showed the most related organism for human IGF-1 and structural differences of its protein from human, which are inextricably linked with the functional characteristics of each of the organisms. The results of phylogenetic analysis in the future will identify the object for laboratory research in this question and the search for optimal ways to accelerate the process of remodeling of cartilage joints.