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Alterations of Transmembrane Currents in Frog Atrial Heart Muscle Induced by Photoexcited Gymnochrome A Purified from the Crinoid, Gymnochrinus richeri
Author(s) -
Sauviat MartinPierre,
Benoit AnneGaëlle,
Debitus Cécile,
Pouny Isabelle,
Laurent Dominique
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
photochemistry and photobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.818
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1751-1097
pISSN - 0031-8655
DOI - 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740115aotcif2.0.co2
Subject(s) - depolarization , membrane potential , biophysics , chemistry , tetraethylammonium , voltage clamp , resting potential , electrophysiology , reversal potential , intracellular , time constant , membrane , cardiac muscle , repolarization , patch clamp , medicine , anatomy , biology , biochemistry , potassium , organic chemistry , engineering , electrical engineering
The effects of gymnochrome A were tested on the electrical activity of the frog atrial heart muscle. Gymnochrome A (1–5 μ M ) did not alter the resting potential. Gymnochrome A (5 μ M ) slowed the initial depolarizing phase of the spontaneously beating action potential. Under voltage‐clamp conditions gymnochrome A (5 μ M ) did not affect the electrical constant of the membrane and the kinetic parameters of the peak Na + current (I Na ) recorded in the Ringer solution containing tetraethylammonium (2 m M ) and Cd 2+ (1 m M ) but shifted the membrane potential at which the current both activated and reached its maximal value toward more negative membrane potentials. It did not alter the reversal potential for I Na , indicating that the selectivity of the Na + channels had not changed. These observations suggest that gymnochrome A binds to the membrane and shifts the activation of I Na on the voltage axis by modifying the free negative fixed charges present at the membrane surface rather than by occupying a specific site on the Na + channel. Photoexcited gymnochrome A transiently triggered an early outward current which lengthened the time‐to‐peak of I Na and decreased its amplitude. In addition, photoexcited gymnochrome A blocked the background K + current. This is, to our knowledge, the first time that such effects are reported on the cardiac muscle. These observations suggest that the photoexcitation of gymnochrome produces physico‐chemical effects which lead to intracellular changes. Further experiments are required to determine their nature.