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Subcellular Localization of Merocyanine 540 (MC540) and Induction of Apoptosis in Murine Myeloid Leukemia Cells ¶
Author(s) -
Chen J. Y.,
Cheung N. H.,
Fung M. C.,
Wen J. M.,
Leung W. N.,
Mak N. K.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
photochemistry and photobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.818
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1751-1097
pISSN - 0031-8655
DOI - 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0720114slomma2.0.co2
Subject(s) - myeloid leukemia , apoptosis , organelle , leukemia , programmed cell death , subcellular localization , mitochondrion , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , biochemistry , cancer research , cytoplasm , immunology
Subcellular localization of photosensitizers is thought to play a critical role in determining the mode of cell death after photodynamic treatment (PDT) of leukemia cells. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescent organelle probes, we examined the subcellular localization of merocyanine 540 (MC540) in the murine myeloid leukemia M1 and WEHI 3B (JCS) cells. Two patterns of localization were observed: in JCS cells, MC540 was found to localize on the plasma membrane and mitochondria; and in M1 leukemia cells, MC540 was found to localize on lysosomes. The relationship between subcellular localization of MC540 and PDT‐induced apoptosis was investigated. Apoptotic cell death, as judged by the formation of apoptotic nuclei, was observed 4 h after irradiation in both leukemia cell lines. Typical ladders of apoptotic DNA fragments were also detected by DNA gel electrophoresis in PDT‐treated JCS and M1 cells. At the irradiation dose of 46 kJ/m 2 (LD 90 for JCS and LD 86 for M1 cells), the percentage of apoptotic JCS and M1 cells was 78 and 38%, respectively. This study provided substantial evidence that MC540 localized differentially in the mitochondria, and the subsequent photodamage of the organelle played an important role in PDT‐mediated apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cells.