Derrame pericárdico asociado con Síndrome de DRESS. Reporte de caso

. DRESS syndrome (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic symptoms) consists of the rare, but serious and potentially fatal, occurrence of a set of signs and symptoms associated with the consumption of certain types of drugs. This syndrome is characterized by having a heterogeneous clinical manifestation that, in many cases, causes multisystemic involvement.Case presentation. 24-year-old man from Calarcá, Colombia, who visited the emergency department of the local hospital due to a three-day unquantified intermittent fever associated with asthenia, adynamia, anorexia, headache, myalgia, odynophagia and upper abdominal pain, and who, due to his condition and laboratory results, was referred to the Clínica Central del Quindío. The patient, 20 days before the initial evaluation, had been prescribed pharmacological treatment with NSAIDs and phenytoin due to severe cranioencephalic trauma; he also presented generalized skin rash, elevated transaminases and moderate eosinophilia. Complementary studies reported mild pericardial effusion, so DRESS syndrome was suspected and corticosteroid therapy was started, and the complete remission of the disease was achieved.Conclusion. Although DRESS syndrome has a low incidence, it should always be suspected, especially in patients with cardiac and pericardial involvement. In this case, the pericardial involvement stands out, demonstrating that people with this syndrome may present with rare manifestations, but with a serious impact on their health, since they may considerably increase adverse outcomes and mortality risk.