Поширення та причини захворювань кінцівок у великої рогатої худоби

Frequent cases of limb disease in cattle constitute a significant economic and veterinary problem. In most pathological processes are localized in the distal part of the limb. So in cases of dairy complexes cases of lesions of tissues of fingers in cows is 20–25%; in particular, the ulcer of Rostergolts is diagnosed at 15–65%.It is known that in the pathogenesis of purulent-inflammatory processes in the distal part of the limbs in cows play the association of fungi and bacteria possessing keratolytic properties.In the structure of limb diseases, diseases of the infectious and non-infectious origin of joints occupy a significant place. Depending on the conditions of retention, the incidence of arthritis can range from 3 to 12%. The causes of diseases are, for the most part, a high level of injury, sensitization of the body, caused by antigenic loading and reduced immunological reactivity of the organism.Cases of the disease in arthritis of infectious etiology are especially frequent in calves. And, quite often, in the presence of prenatal infection in newborn calves, cases of  polyarthritis is occurring.Arthritis processes of non-contagious etiology are often recorded especially in conditions of malnutrition due to the lack of mineral substances and vitamins (in the first place vitamin D) and lack of active exercise. In this case, the pathological process, as a rule, acquires signs of osteochondrosis and is recorded mainly in the multistory of their layer joints with a tight articulation of their separate layers (wrist, wrists). Such a defeat is often interpreted as an arthrosis which is false.Chronic insecticidal processes in the joints, the basis of which pathogenesis is dystrophic-degenerative changes in cattle for osteodystrophy are found in all animals. It was set up that the manifestation of the disease can be both in clinical and subclinical forms. Clinically, the disease manifests itself as a violation of the static and dynamic functions of the limbs, an increase in the value of individual joints, a decrease in productivity, and so on. The basis of the subclinical form of the disease is the damage to subchondral bone tissue and cartilage. In some farms, animals are tied up, especially at the end of the winter-stool period, Osteochondrosis (osteochondropathy), including a subclinical form, can cover up to 100% of the livestock population. After all, in the development of pathology, in addition to the generally recognized etiological factors of osteodystrophy (lack of Ca, P, vitamin D), the importance of a set of a number of factors. In particular, the following factors influence on the occurrence of diseases of the limbs in cattle, such as: feeding conditions, content, environment, seasonality, age and physiological state of the animal, concomitant diseases and genetic predisposition. Violations and changes in the latter may cause disease of the limbs of a mass character, which leads to significant economic losses.