Continuality and dyscretivity of soils for fields: applied consequences for agriculture

The continuality is considered as the fundamental feature of a soil cover consisting gradual change of its properties in space, synchronized with changes of soil factors formation, and dyscretivity is mainly artificial the introduced category caused by classification appreciably various genetic and agritechnologic divisions. The soil cover is studied basically as continual and is very weak as a discrete body, especially if it to consider at an original average hierarchical level (mean spatial heterogeneity of many soil properties within the limits of polypedon, or, in a context of present article, – fields of a crop rotation). Certainly, it brakes successful development of representations about a soil horizontal structure and, as consequence, practical appendices of heterogeneity to precise agriculture. Zonal systems of agriculture are based on an environment of a zone and in essence reflect average continual features of a soil cover. Precise systems are under construction on the basis of dyscretivity of a soil cover – new soil borders which are used for allocation of soil contours within the limits of a field for differentiation of ways and intensity of tillage, dozes of  fertilizers application and chemical ameliorants. In article attempt to use the established representations about spatial features of soil properties for improvement of modern practice of agriculture, especially precise agriculture, including ways of a finding of the area of contours of a field with different parameters of fertility are made. As objects 6 fields are used, three from which are located to Polesye, two – in Forest-Steppe and one – in Steppe. Use of principles of precise agriculture and inspection of display soil properties of fields on a regular grid has allowed to divide fields into contours with three levels of fertility, one of which is characterized by properties optimum or close to them, that allows to refuse (or it is essential to reduce) from application of tillage, fertilizer or chemical ameliorants. Precise agriculture – perspective soil – and energy saving the system reflecting heterogeneity of a field of a crop rotation, should replace traditional zonal systems of agriculture. Thus, on the basis of research of various displays of heterogeneity - continual when properties of soil in space change gradually, synchronously to factors of soil formation, and discrete  when properties of soil  change in the limits of small areas necessity of introduction of new borders for the soil cover, based on horizontal studying of soil properties, – morphological, physical, physic-mechanical and others is proposed. By means of borders the configuration of industrial working sites for the differentiated application of agritechnological operations is proved.