Open AccessAntigen-presenting cell-derived extracellular vesicles in accelerating atherosclerosis
Author(s) -
Alexander Е. Berezin,
Alexander A. Berezin
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
biomedical research and therapy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.135
H-Index - 1
ISSN - 2198-4093
DOI - 10.15419/bmrat.v8i3.664
Subject(s) - angiogenesis , microbiology and biotechnology , inflammation , microvesicles , chemokine , pericyte , population , biology , immunology , chemistry , endothelial stem cell , cancer research , medicine , microrna , in vitro , biochemistry , environmental health , gene
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a population of heterogeneous particles that originate from the endosomal system or plasma membrane. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) produce and release a broad spectrum of EVs involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. APC-derived EVs contain several bioactive molecules, such as non-coding RNAs, cytokines, chemokines, active proteins, immunomodulatory factors, and growth factors. The review focuses on the role of APC-derived EVs in regulating the transformation of macrophage phenotype, shaping foam cells, driving autophagy and/or inhibiting apoptosis of Th4+ cells, T regulatory cells, endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), as well as in facilitating oxidative stress in vasculature. APC-derived EVs act as triggers of angiogenesis, neovascularization and inflammation through their participation in microvascular inflammation, angiogenesis, development of atherosclerotic plaques, and modulation of their instability.