Open AccessNon‐invasive lung cancer diagnosis by detection of GATA 6 and NKX 2‐1 isoforms in exhaled breath condensate
Author(s) -
Mehta Aditi,
Cordero Julio,
Dobersch Stephanie,
RomeroOlmedo Addi J,
Savai Rajkumar,
Bodner Johannes,
Chao ChoMing,
Fink Ludger,
GuzmánDíaz Ernesto,
Singh Indrabahadur,
Dobreva Gergana,
Rapp Ulf R,
Günther Stefan,
Ilinskaya Olga N,
Bellusci Saverio,
Dammann Reinhard H,
Braun Thomas,
Seeger Werner,
Gattenlöhner Stefan,
Tresch Achim,
Günther Andreas,
Barreto Guillermo
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
embo molecular medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.923
H-Index - 107
eISSN - 1757-4684
pISSN - 1757-4676
DOI - 10.15252/emmm.201606382
Subject(s) - exhaled breath condensate , lung cancer , medicine , receiver operating characteristic , lung , stage (stratigraphy) , pathology , biology , asthma , paleontology
Lung cancer ( LC ) is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Early LC diagnosis is crucial to reduce the high case fatality rate of this disease. In this case–control study, we developed an accurate LC diagnosis test using retrospectively collected formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded ( FFPE ) human lung tissues and prospectively collected exhaled breath condensates ( EBC s). Following international guidelines for diagnostic methods with clinical application, reproducible standard operating procedures ( SOP ) were established for every step comprising our LC diagnosis method. We analyzed the expression of distinct mRNA s expressed from GATA 6 and NKX 2‐1 , key regulators of lung development. The Em/Ad expression ratios of GATA 6 and NKX 2‐1 detected in EBC s were combined using linear kernel support vector machines ( SVM ) into the LC score, which can be used for LC detection. LC score‐based diagnosis achieved a high performance in an independent validation cohort. We propose our method as a non‐invasive, accurate, and low‐price option to complement the success of computed tomography imaging ( CT ) and chest X‐ray ( CXR ) for LC diagnosis.