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PARylation of the forkhead‐associated domain protein DAWDLE regulates plant immunity
Author(s) -
Feng Baomin,
Ma Shisong,
Chen Sixue,
Zhu Ning,
Zhang Shuxin,
Yu Bin,
Yu Yu,
Le Brandon,
Chen Xuemei,
DineshKumar Savithramma P,
Shan Libo,
He Ping
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
embo reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.584
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1469-3178
pISSN - 1469-221X
DOI - 10.15252/embr.201642486
Subject(s) - library science , plant science , plant biology , biology , botany , computer science
Protein poly( ADP ‐ribosyl)ation ( PAR ylation) primarily catalyzed by poly( ADP ‐ribose) polymerases ( PARP s) plays a crucial role in controlling various cellular responses. However, PAR ylation targets and their functions remain largely elusive. Here, we deployed an Arabidopsis protein microarray coupled with in vitro PAR ylation assays to globally identify PAR ylation targets in plants. Consistent with the essential role of PAR ylation in plant immunity, the forkhead‐associated ( FHA ) domain protein DAWDLE ( DDL ), one of PARP 2 targets, positively regulates plant defense to both adapted and non‐adapted pathogens. Arabidopsis PARP 2 interacts with and PAR ylates DDL , which was enhanced upon treatment of bacterial flagellin. Mass spectrometry and mutagenesis analysis identified multiple PAR ylation sites of DDL by PARP 2. Genetic complementation assays indicate that DDL PAR ylation is required for its function in plant immunity. In contrast, DDL PAR ylation appears to be dispensable for its previously reported function in plant development partially mediated by the regulation of micro RNA biogenesis. Our study uncovers many previously unknown PAR ylation targets and points to the distinct functions of DDL in plant immunity and development mediated by protein PAR ylation and small RNA biogenesis, respectively.