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Plant E3 ligases SNIPER 1 and SNIPER 2 broadly regulate the homeostasis of sensor NLR immune receptors
Author(s) -
Wu Zhongshou,
Tong Meixuezi,
Tian Lei,
Zhu Chipan,
Liu Xueru,
Zhang Yuelin,
Li Xin
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
the embo journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 7.484
H-Index - 392
eISSN - 1460-2075
pISSN - 0261-4189
DOI - 10.15252/embj.2020104915
Subject(s) - columbia university , library science , history , media studies , sociology , computer science
In both plants and animals, nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat ( NLR ) immune receptors perceive pathogen‐derived molecules to trigger immunity. Global NLR homeostasis must be tightly controlled to ensure sufficient and timely immune output while avoiding aberrant activation, the mechanisms of which are largely unclear. In a previous reverse genetic screen, we identified two novel E3 ligases, SNIPER 1 and its homolog SNIPER 2, both of which broadly control the levels of NLR immune receptors in Arabidopsis . Protein levels of sensor NLR s ( sNLR s) are inversely correlated with SNIPER 1 amount and the interactions between SNIPER 1 and sNLR s seem to be through the common nucleotide‐binding ( NB ) domains of sNLR s. In support, SNIPER 1 can ubiquitinate the NB domains of multiple sNLR s in vitro . Our study thus reveals a novel process of global turnover of sNLR s by two master E3 ligases for immediate attenuation of immune output to effectively avoid autoimmunity. Such unique mechanism can be utilized in the future for engineering broad‐spectrum resistance in crops to fend off pathogens that damage our food supply.