Translation of small downstream ORFs enhances translation of canonical main open reading frames | Zendy

Wu Qiushuang | Zendy; Wright Matthew | Zendy; Gogol Madelaine M | Zendy; Bradford William D | Zendy; Zhang Ning | Zendy; Bazzini Ariel A | Zendy

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Translation of small downstream ORFs enhances translation of canonical main open reading frames

Author(s) -

Wu Qiushuang,

Wright Matthew,

Gogol Madelaine M,

Bradford William D,

Zhang Ning,

Bazzini Ariel A

Publication year - 2020

Publication title -

the embo journal

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 7.484

H-Index - 392

eISSN - 1460-2075

pISSN - 0261-4189

DOI - 10.15252/embj.2020104763

Subject(s) - orfs , biology , open reading frame , translation (biology) , reading (process) , downstream (manufacturing) , non canonical , upstream open reading frame , genetics , messenger rna , linguistics , microbiology and biotechnology , gene , peptide sequence , philosophy , operations management , economics

In addition to canonical open reading frames (ORFs), thousands of translated small ORFs (containing less than 100 codons) have been identified in untranslated mRNA regions (UTRs) across eukaryotes. Small ORFs in 5′ UTRs (upstream (u)ORFs) often repress translation of the canonical ORF within the same mRNA. However, the function of translated small ORFs in the 3′ UTRs (downstream (d)ORFs) is unknown. Contrary to uORFs, we find that translation of dORFs enhances translation of their corresponding canonical ORFs. This translation stimulatory effect of dORFs depends on the number of dORFs, but not the length or peptide they encode. We propose that dORFs represent a new, strong, and universal translation regulatory mechanism in vertebrates.

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