Premium
Qualitative differences in T‐cell activation by dendritic cell‐derived extracellular vesicle subtypes
Author(s) -
Tkach Mercedes,
Kowal Joanna,
Zucchetti Andres E,
Enserink Lotte,
Jouve Mabel,
Lankar Danielle,
Saitakis Michael,
MartinJaular Lorena,
Théry Clotilde
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the embo journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 7.484
H-Index - 392
eISSN - 1460-2075
pISSN - 0261-4189
DOI - 10.15252/embj.201696003
Subject(s) - biology , extracellular vesicle , extracellular vesicles , extracellular , microbiology and biotechnology , dendritic cell , vesicle , cell , microvesicles , immunology , immune system , biochemistry , gene , microrna , membrane
Exosomes, nano‐sized secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), are actively studied for their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. In particular, exosomes secreted by dendritic cells ( DC s) have been shown to carry MHC ‐peptide complexes allowing efficient activation of T lymphocytes, thus displaying potential as promoters of adaptive immune responses. DC s also secrete other types of EVs of different size, subcellular origin and protein composition, whose immune capacities have not been yet compared to those of exosomes. Here, we show that large EVs ( lEV s) released by human DC s are as efficient as small EVs ( sEV s), including exosomes, to induce CD 4 + T‐cell activation in vitro . When released by immature DC s, however, lEV s and sEV s differ in their capacity to orient T helper (Th) cell responses, the former favouring secretion of Th2 cytokines, whereas the latter promote Th1 cytokine secretion ( IFN ‐γ). Upon DC maturation, however, these functional differences are abolished, and all EVs become able to induce IFN ‐γ. Our results highlight the need to comprehensively compare the functionalities of EV subtypes in all patho/physiological systems where exosomes are claimed to perform critical roles.