The Pragmatic Return to Meaning: Notes on the Dynamics of Communication, Degrees of Salience, and Communicative Transparency

This article inquires into the role of meaning in linguistic pragmatics (conceived in its widest interdisciplinary sense as a cognitive, social, and cultural perspective on language and communication). With reference to earlier discussions of the relationship between meaning and intention, especially in the anthropological linguistic literature, two case studies are adduced in order to further demonstrate the need to allow for types of meaning which do not depend exclusively or primarily on individual intentionality (even when dealing with language use in a mainstream Western context), and also to show how taking nonintentional forms of meaning into account can be done systematically in a theoretically and methodologically justifiable way. The first one focuses on the dynamics of interactional processes, the second on different degrees of salience which even result in direct contradictions between the level of implicit meaning and communicatively transparent information. The conclusion is that a straightforward pragmatic perspective allows linguists to return to the question, What is the meaning of expression X in context Y?, rather than to stick with the Gricean question, What did the language user intend X to mean in context Y?, even though the latter provided a major impetus for the development of the field of pragmatics in the first place.