Is Better Minimum than Standard Mouldboard Ploughing Tillage from Viewpoint of the Pore-Size Distribution and Soil Water Retention Characteristic Changes ?

At present time exists a lot of soil tillage practices with different effects on soil productivity, therefore the effects of two tillage systems (conventional: CT, and miminum: MT) and two different soil types (Chernozem and Mollic Fluvisol) on soil physical quality indicators and water availability were evaluated in an on-farm study in the Krakovany (Danube Lowland, Slovakia). We evaluated pore-size distributions and selected hydro-physical properties (capillary rise, maximum capillary water capacity and retention water capacity). The total porosity (P) on average by 23% and by 14%, non-capillary pores (Pn) by 271% and by 114% and semicapillary pores by 102% and by 192% were significantly greater for CT than MT in Chernozem and in Mollic Fluvisol, respectively. The content of capillary pores (Pc) was significantly greater for MT than CT on average by 13% and 8% in Chernozem and in Mollic Fluvisol, respectively. The average content of capillary rise (Θ CR ), maximum capillary water capacity (Θ MCWC ) and retention water capacity (Θ RWC ) were higher by 6, 10 and 13% under MT than CT in soil profile of Chernozem. The same effect of soil tillage systems in Mollic Fluvisol was not observed. In Chernozem under MT with increased P, Θ CR significantly increased, however, under CT, the Θ CR significantly decreased. At the same time we determined negative correlations between Pn and soil water retention characteristics under CT. Higher content of Pc resulted in higher values of capillary rise, maximum capillary water capacity and retention water capacity in both soil types under both tillage systems.