Synthesis and characterization of (Pb 1− x Sr x )MnBO 4 : a structural and spectroscopic study

The presence of ns 2 stereo-chemical active lone electron pairs (LEPs) causes asymmetric atomic environments around a given p -block cation, leading to change the crystal chemistry of a respective system. Here we report a series of mullite-type compounds to understand at what extend Sr 2+ replaces the stereochemical active Pb 2+ cation in (Pb 1− x Sr x )MnBO 4 . Each member of the solid solution has been synthesized by conventional solid-state method. The polycrystalline samples are characterized using X-ray powder diffraction followed by Rietveld refinement. Substitution of Pb 2+ with Sr 2+ leads to contraction of the a lattice parameter with slight elongation in the b and c direction. For a difference of 1 pm of the ionic radius between Sr 2+ and Pb 2+ , the cell volume contracts about 4 % between the end members as the spatial requirement of the LEP activity in the MBO 4 2− channels significantly decreases. Within the solid solution, two distinct Pb/Sr–O 2 bond distances significantly differ, which gradually decreases with increasing strontium content leading to a more symmetric coordination around strontium. The calculated BVS of Pb 2+ /Sr 2+ exhibits a linear correlation with the Wang–Liebau eccentricity parameter, indicating to an increased bonding ability cation. The vibrational properties are characterized by both Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, complementing the XPRD results. Electronic band gaps of selected (Pb 1− x Sr x )MnBO 4 samples were obtained from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy data. Additionally, the Sr containing samples show higher thermal stability than the Pb containing counterparts.