Center Predictors of Long-Term Benzodiazepine Use in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Rationale: Symptoms of insomnia and anxiety are common among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially among patients with comorbid mental health disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Benzodiazepines provide temporary relief of these symptoms, but guidelines discourage routine use of benzodiazepines because of the serious risks posed by these medications. A more thorough understanding of guideline-discordant benzodiazepine use will be critical to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing and its associated risks. Objectives: Examine the national prevalence, variability, and center correlates of long-term benzodiazepine prescriptions for patients with COPD and comorbid PTSD. Methods: We identified patients with COPD and PTSD between 2010 and 2012 who received care within the Department of Veterans Affairs. We used a mixed-effects logistic regression model to assess center predictors of long-term benzodiazepine prescriptions (≥90 d), while accounting for patient characteristics. Results: Of 43,979 patients diagnosed with COPD and PTSD at 129 centers, 24.4% were prescribed benzodiazepines long term, with use varying from 9.5% to 49.4% by medical center. Patients with long-term prescriptions were more likely to be white (90.1% vs. 80.7%) and have other mental health comorbidities, including generalized anxiety disorder (31.3% vs. 16.5%). Accounting for patient mix and characteristics, long-term benzodiazepine use was associated with lower patient-reported access to mental health care (odds ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.37-0.80). Conclusions: Long-term benzodiazepine prescribing is common among patients at high risk for complications, although this practice varies substantially from center to center. Poor access to mental health care is a potential driver of this guideline inconsistent use.